港口使用費(fèi)是天津貨代公司成本的主要開(kāi)銷(xiāo)項(xiàng)目之一。有些船公司港口使用費(fèi)的支出，占總成本的1/4以上，僅次于燃油費(fèi)和船舶修理費(fèi)。因此，節(jié)約港口使用費(fèi)，是遠(yuǎn)洋運(yùn)輸企業(yè)為降低運(yùn)輸成本而必須注意的問(wèn)題。一般來(lái)說(shuō)，船方節(jié)約港口使用費(fèi)的途徑可表現(xiàn)在以下幾個(gè)方面：

　　Port usage fee is one of the main expense items of Tianjin freight forwarding company.Some shipping companies spend more than 1/4 of the total cost on port usage fee,which is second only to fuel and ship repair cost.Therefore,saving port usage fee is an issue that ocean shipping enterprises must pay attention to in order to reduce transportation costs.Generally speaking,the ways to save port usage fee for ship side can be shown in the following aspects.

　　1.船方必須了解和掌握各港各種費(fèi)目的收費(fèi)規(guī)則，及其費(fèi)率調(diào)整情況。

　　1.The ship side must understand and master the rules of various charges in each port,and its rate adjustment situation.

　　2.船方應(yīng)十分注意合理安排船舶在港內(nèi)的各項(xiàng)作業(yè)，并做好相應(yīng)的記錄。

　　2.The ship owner should pay great attention to the reasonable arrangement of the ship's operations in the port and make the corresponding records.

　　3.正確掌握船舶進(jìn)出港時(shí)間。應(yīng)努力爭(zhēng)取白天進(jìn)出港口，因?yàn)楦鲊?guó)港口領(lǐng)航、拖輪、系解纜等費(fèi)用，在夜間、節(jié)假日都增收附加費(fèi)。

　　3.Correctly grasp the time of ship entering and leaving the port.You should try your best to get in and out of the port during daytime,because the cost of pilotage,tug and untie in the port of each country is increased by surcharge at night and on holidays.

　　4.船舶進(jìn)出港前，在可能的條件下，盡可能調(diào)平船舶的首、尾吃水，以減少船舶最大吃水。因?yàn)橛行└劭?，如日本港口的引航費(fèi)，是按船舶的總噸位和首、尾最大吃水為準(zhǔn)。

　　4.Before the ship enters or leaves the port,level the first and last draught of the ship as much as possible under the possible conditions to reduce the maximum draught of the ship.Because the pilotage fee of some ports,such as Japanese ports,is based on the gross tonnage of the ship and the maximum draught of the first and the last.

　　5.正確地申報(bào)船舶噸位。船舶噸稅、船舶港務(wù)費(fèi)、燈塔費(fèi)等都以船舶的噸位為計(jì)算依據(jù)。對(duì)于二層或二層以上全通甲板的船舶，都可在兩舷勘繪三角噸位標(biāo)志，并用大小不同的兩種噸位，來(lái)替代過(guò)去遮蔽甲板船的開(kāi)閉式噸位。當(dāng)噸位標(biāo)志沒(méi)入水中時(shí)，船方應(yīng)申報(bào)大噸位;當(dāng)噸位標(biāo)志未沒(méi)入水中時(shí)，船方應(yīng)申報(bào)小噸位。

　　5.Declare the ship's tonnage correctly.Ship's tonnage tax,ship's harbor fee,lighthouse fee,etc.are calculated based on the tonnage of the ship.For ships with two or more full decks,they can survey and paint triangular tonnage marks on both sides and use two different sizes of tonnage to replace the open and closed tonnage that used to cover the deck ships.When the tonnage mark is not in the water,the ship should declare the large tonnage;when the tonnage mark is not in the water,the ship should declare the small tonnage.

　　6.合理地積載貨物。爭(zhēng)取各貨艙同時(shí)作業(yè)，各艙的裝卸時(shí)間盡可能取得平衡，以縮短船舶在港時(shí)間。

　　6.Reasonable accumulation of cargo.Strive for simultaneous operation of each cargo compartment and balance the loading and unloading time of each compartment as far as possible so as to shorten the ship's time in port.

　　7.及時(shí)做好各項(xiàng)準(zhǔn)備工作，減少各種待時(shí)費(fèi)。

　　7.Make all preparations in time to reduce all kinds of waiting time charges.

　　8.船方應(yīng)認(rèn)真審核和簽署各項(xiàng)收費(fèi)單據(jù)，防止不應(yīng)有的損失。

　　8.The ship side should carefully examine and sign all charge documents to prevent undue losses.